Development of a co-axial tri-extruder for low-melting point metals and UV-curable resins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The need for flexible and stretchable electronics has recently gained high focus. Many fields, such as medicine, textiles, and aerospace, require conductive elements that can be mounted or sewed to the part. This means that this conductive element must have high flexibility and resistance to deformation. This research presents a novel fabrication technique of flexible electronics using coaxial extrusion methods for applications such as wearables, biosensors, and soft robotics. Another aspect of the study is the combination of eutectic gallium-indium, Acrylated Aliphatic Urethane Elastomer Resin, and Field's metal to develop flexible and multi-functional electronic devices. This work used comprehensive material properties, such as their flowability, UV curability, and flexibility, and interactions to analyze the rheological behaviors of these materials under different extrusion conditions. These materials were precisely and simultaneously deposited onto flexible substrates using a custom-designed coaxial extrusion system, while using G-code for controlling the extrusion parameters. The findings verify the feasibility of this approach in the fabrication of functional flexible conductive wires. This coaxial extrusion process has proven to be a promising technique owing to its versatility and scalability for rapid prototyping and large-scale production, hence offering enormous advancement in flexible electronics. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44347-025-00021-9.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".