CSF1R ligands promote microglial proliferation but are not the sole regulators of developmental microglial proliferation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microglia - the predominant immune cells of the brain and spinal cord - perform essential functions for the development and maintenance of the central nervous system, contingent upon the regulated developmental proliferation of microglia. However, the factor(s) that regulate microglial proliferation remain unclear. Here, we confirmed the timeline of developmental proliferation and used bioinformatics to identify potential signalling onto microglia in mouse from datasets collected at an age of high developmental microglial proliferation. Of the predicted factors, we found that colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) ligands boosted proliferation in vitro and were increasingly expressed in the brain across development with each displaying a distinct regional and temporal expression pattern. However, we did not observe a coincident alteration to CSF1R ligand levels in a model of abnormal developmental proliferation. Together, although CSF1R ligands can promote microglial proliferation in culture, their developmental expression patterns suggest that they function alongside other unknown factors to regulate developmental microglial proliferation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".