Changes in physical activity levels following different exercise modalities in patients with atrial fibrillation: a 1-year follow-up
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) demonstrate poor physical activity levels. Previous findings show that 56% of patients with AF do not meet the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines of ≥150min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR), including moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), has been shown to improve key cardiovascular health outcomes, such as functional capacity, among adults with permanent and non-permanent AF. However, their long-term effects on MVPA levels in patients with AF remain unknown. Purpose To compare the long-term effects (i.e., up to 1 year) of 12 weeks of HIIT- and MICT-based CR on MVPA levels in patients with persistent and permanent AF. Methods Patients with AF who completed a randomized clinical trial of 12 weeks of MICT- (n = 23) or HIIT-based (n = 19) CR were followed for a 1-year observation phase. Physical activity was measured using a waist-worn accelerometer over 7 days at two separate time points (week 26 and year 1). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to assess the changes in physical activity levels over time and between the groups. The maximum likelihood estimation method to address missingness and an unstructured covariance matrix were used. A comparison of the proportion of patients meeting vs. not meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (≥150 min/wk of MVPA) was performed using Chi-square (χ2) analyses. A p-value of < 0.05 was set for statistical significance. Results This study included 42 participants with AF (57% diagnosed with permanent AF, mean age: 68.4 ± 7.2 years, 38% females). Significant main effects of time revealed decreases in MVPA between the end of the exercise intervention (week 12) and week 26 follow-up (-83.2 ± 19.3 min/wk, P = 0.001), not returning to week 12 MVPA levels following 1 year of completion (157.9 ± 14.1 min/wk vs. 129.7 ± 24.5 min/wk, P > 0.05). No significant main effect of group or time × group interaction was observed for MVPA levels. At week 26, no patients in the HIIT group (0%) and 3 (13%) in the MICT group met the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (≥150 min/wk of MVPA), and no significant differences between groups were observed (χ2 = 1.25; P = 0.26). At year 1, 3 patients in the HIIT group (16%) and 1 (4%) in the MICT group met the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, and no significant differences between groups were observed (χ2 = 2.36; P = 0.12). Conclusion MVPA levels decreased significantly following a 12-week exercise-based CR program in patients with persistent and permanent AF, irrespective of the exercise modality. Effective strategies are needed to increase and sustain MVPA levels after an exercise program in patients with AF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".