Examining the link between adiposity and subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic Indigenous adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Indigenous peoples living in Canada are at greater risk of premature cardiovascular events than other racial/ethnic groups. However, their susceptibility to early subclinical atherosclerosis is not well characterized. Excess adiposity increases other cardiovascular risk factors, which may be associated with vascular injury and subclinical atherosclerosis. Purpose To investigate the association of adiposity, cardiovascular risk burden and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in Indigenous adults without known clinical cardiovascular disease. Methods A population of 1302 asymptomatic Indigenous adults (mean age 58 years, 67% female) enrolled in the Canadian Alliance for Health Hearts and Minds-First Nations cohort study underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and carotid plaque volume, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Demographic, lifestyle characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were gathered, along with anthropometric measurements and blood samples. The INTERHEART Risk Score (IHRS), a validate cardiovascular risk score was calculated (scores range from 0 to 48; low risk is defined as a score of 0-9, moderate risk as 10-16, and high risk as ≥17).The association between adiposity, IHRS risk score and MRI measure of carotid plaque volume was assessed. This data focused on the Huron-Wendat Nation from Wendake (n=173). Results Fifty percent of the Huron-Wendat have abdominal obesity. Adjusted for age, males had a higher VAT volume (98.1 ± 6.8 mL) compared to females (71.4 ± 3.2 mL) (p<0.01). The carotid plaque volume was not statistically significantly different between males (978.6 ± 23.5 mm3) and females (826.5 ± 13.4 mm3) (p=0.06). The average IHRS scores were comparable between sexes (13.7 in males and 11.9 in females), and more than 65% of Huron-Wendat had a risk score in the moderate to the high-risk range. Subclinical atherosclerosis increased significantly across risk score categories in both sexes (p<0.01). In univariate analyses, VAT volume (r=0.30, p<0.01) and IHRS risk score (r=0.24, p<0.01) were associated with the carotid plaque volume. In multivariate analyses, VAT volume and IHRS risk score remained independently associated with the carotid plaque volume (p<0.01). Conclusion Middle-aged Indigenous men and women living in Canada have comparable burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Subclinical atherosclerosis measured by MRI-detected carotid plaque volume was significantly associated with visceral adiposity as well as the IHRS risk score in asymptomatic Indigenous adults. Subclinical atherosclerosis increased significantly across risk score categories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".