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Record W4410505074 · doi:10.1075/lcs.23028.cla

The “tough guy” and the “human”

2025· article· en· W4410505074 on OpenAlexaff
Nicole Clawson

Bibliographic record

VenueLanguage Culture and Society · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicLanguage, Discourse, Communication Strategies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHistoryEnvironmental ethicsPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract This article analyzes and explores law enforcement officer identity, arguing that officer identity is less stable than previously realized and has the ability to evolve over time. In interviewing 29 law enforcement officers from a rural, small-town sheriff’s department in the Western United States, I found that specific identities emerged from narratives about culpability. Applying critical discourse analysis to culpability narratives (narratives in which officers place blame for their actions on the public or themselves) uncovered a traditional “tough guy” identity or a non-normative “human” identity. When identities flex, indexical links are altered such that they evolve and deepen the pool of potential identities available for officers to draw on. The processes that establish and make officer identities performable and viable can metamorphose over time, bringing about new police discourses and identities. As more idiosyncratic or non-normative identities, like the “human” identity seen here, are performed and circulated, they have the ability to compel change within policing discourses and cultures, potentially paving the way for police reform.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.768
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.279
Teacher spread0.266 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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