Novel Sulfide‐Chloride Solid‐State Electrolytes with Tunable Anion Ratio for Highly Stable Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Solid‐state Na batteries (SSNBs) are among the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to their high energy density, enhanced safety, and cost‐efficiency. Achieving high‐performance SSNBs depends on the development of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with excellent ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical windows, and robust mechanical properties. Sulfide and halide‐based Na SSEs have been widely studied in recent years with their respective strengths and limitations. Herein for the first time, a new family of Na‐Zr‐S‐Cl sulfide‐chloride Na SSEs with tailored anion compositions is explored. A high ionic conductivity of 4.89 × 10 −4 S cm −1 is realized with a Cl‐rich structure, attributed to the unique chloride bridging structure and low Na‐ion migration barrier. Furthermore, by tuning the ratio between sulfur and chloride anions, two different unique structures are obtained with different surface morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and electrochemical stability. The Cl‐deficient structure of Na 2 S‐1.3ZrCl 4 SSEs demonstrates excellent stability for solid‐state Na‐ion batteries, maintaining a high reversible capacity of over 90 mAh g −1 after 600 cycles at 0.1 C. This study offers insights into the design of new Na SSEs, advancing the development of safer and high‐performance SSNBs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".