Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kigeme, Rwanda 2020
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, hypertension is an emerging public health issue among People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Its prevalence and risk factors in Sub-Saharan African countries including Rwanda are inadequately documented. We determined the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among PLHIV, who attended a rural district hospital in Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural district hospital located in Southern Rwanda from January to December 2020. The study included 386 PLHIV aged 18 years and above, who were systematically selected. Hypertension was defined as a sustained rise in systolic and or diastolic blood pressure above a certain level or the use of antihypertensive medicines. The factors associated with hypertension among the PLHIV were identified using logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 47�14 years. The prevalence of hypertension among the PLHIV was 29.8% (95%CI: 25.5-34.5). Being on ART for more than 5 years (aOR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.44-3.87) and overweight (aOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.26-3.61) were associated with being hypertensive, whereas being underweight (aOR: 0.1, 95%CI: 0.04-0.49) was protective. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high among PLHIV who have been followed up in a rural district hospital, in Rwanda. Patients who had been on ART for a longer duration and were overweight were at higher risk of developing hypertension. Being underweight seemed to be protective against hypertension. These findings highlighted the need for strengthening the current HIV surveillance system and integrating hypertension screening and care program into HIV treatment programs to mitigate the burden of hypertension among PLHIV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".