Scalable Freeform Optimization of Wide-Aperture 3D Metalenses by Zoned Discrete Axisymmetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce a novel framework for the design and optimization of 3D freeform metalenses that attains nearly linear scaling of computational cost with diameter by breaking the lens into a sequence of radial “zones” with n -fold discrete axisymmetry, where n increases with radius. This allows vastly more design freedom than imposing continuous axisymmetry while avoiding the compromises of locally periodic approximation or scalar diffraction theory. Using a GPU-accelerated finite-difference time-domain solver in cylindrical coordinates, we perform full-wave simulation and topology optimization within each supra-wavelength zone. We validate our approach by designing millimeter- and centimeter-scale polyachromatic, 3D freeform metalenses, which outperform the state-of-the-art. By demonstrating the scalability and resulting optical performance enabled by our “zoned discrete axisymmetry” and supra-wavelength domain decomposition, we highlight the potential of our framework to advance large-scale metaoptics and next-generation photonic technologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".