Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses on a range of Jews who moved from pedlar origins to play remarkable roles in the British Empire and beyond. Some remain obscure, such as Samuel Gordon, a Jewish migrant from Poland, who started trading in Hull and became one of a group of entrepreneurs importing eggs to the United Kingdom from Egypt. Others became famous/infamous, such as Joseph Silver, one of the leading figures in the ‘white slave trade’, especially in South Africa. Most spectacular of all was Morris ‘Two-Gun’ Cohen who, having been sent to Canada as a juvenile delinquent, became a general in the Chinese army, celebrated on the silver screen. In terms of impact, the career of John Harris, a colonial adventurer in Sierra Leone, was the greatest, provoking conflict in West Africa to enhance his trading networks. Alongside their trading and tendencies towards criminality, what brings together these individuals of former pedlar, Jewish migrant origins are issues of race, sexuality, family structure and empire. While most spent their later lives in quiet respectability in the metropole, they had played, for better or worse, a major role in exploiting the opportunities offered by the British Empire. Like Jacob Harris over a century before, the energy of those of migrant origin and their ability to practise radical assimilation led to remarkable lives inside and outside the law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".