190 Zinc supplementation prior to transit and transit duration effects on inflammation and oxidative stress of beef steers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Transportation is unavoidable in the beef industry, yet it is associated with negative performance outcomes during the receiving period. This study investigated the effects of Zn supplementation prior to transit and transit duration on markers of inflammation, nutritional immunity and oxidative stress. Eighty recently weaned Angus-cross steers were stratified by body weight (BW; 265± 18.0 kg) into a 2×2 factorial. Dietary (DIET) treatments of no supplemental Zn (Zn0; analyzed 39 mg Zn/kg DM) or 100 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (Zn100; Zn as ZnSO4), were fed for 42 days before transit. Transit durations (DUR) of 8 (~707 km; 8H) or 18 hours (~1608 km; 18H) on d0 were equally assigned across DIET treatments. After transit, all steers received Zn100 for 56 days. Blood samples for plasma trace mineral (PLTM; Zn, Fe, and Cu) analysis were collected on days -41, -1, 1 (off-truck), 2 (24-hr post-truck), 7, 28, and 55 relative to transit. Blood for serum haptoglobin and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were collected on d-1, 1, 2, and 7. Blood for plasma protein carbonyl (PC) was collected on d-1, 1, and 2. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS, with steer as the experimental unit. For all data, DIET, DUR, and their interactions were considered fixed effects. Haptoglobin, FRAP, and PLTM were analyzed as repeated measures with the repeated effect of day. Day -41 PLTM and d-1 haptoglobin, FRAP and PC values were used as covariates. No DIET×DUR×Day or DIET×Day effects were observed (P ≥ 0.12). Haptoglobin was greater (DUR×Day; P < 0.01) for 18H compared to 8H on d1 but did not differ from each other on any other day. All PLTM values were affected by DUR×Day (P < 0.01). Plasma Zn was greater on d1 for 18H than 8H, and both decreased on d2 but returned to pre-transit (d-1) values by d7. In a classic nutritional immunity response, plasma Fe was lower (P = 0.02) in 18H then the 8H on d1, while plasma Cu was greater (P < 0.01) in18H than 8H on d2. There was no difference at any other time point for Fe or Cu. Plasma FRAP values were greater on d2 than d7 in 8H (DUR×Day; P = 0.04), while no differences within the same day were observed between 8H and 18H. On d1, plasma PC was greater (DUR P < 0.01) for 8H than 18H, while Zn0 PC was greater than Zn100 (DIET P < 0.01) on d2. These results suggest longer transit durations lead to greater inflammatory response and activation of nutritional immunity. Additionally, longer transit reduces the animal’s ability to manage oxidative stress, while Zn supplementation may mitigate oxidative damage in the first 24 hours post-transit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".