164 Effects of increasing dietary zinc oxide levels on mitochondrial energy metabolism, antioxidant system and inflammation in weaned piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on intestinal and liver mitochondria ATP synthesis and the cellular and systemic redox balance in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty weaned piglets were randomly allocated in one of three experimental diets: nursery diet containing 100 (100Zn), 1000 (1000Zn) and 3000 mg/kg (3000Zn). Piglets were slaughter at day 21, 23, 35 or 42 and blood, jejunum mucosa and liver samples were collected. Plasma antioxidants activity and mitochondrial concentrations of Zn and Cu, mitochondria respiration, antioxidant response, inflammation and the expression of related genes were analyzed in jejunum mucosa and liver. Piglets fed 3000Zn had the highest Zn concentration in jejunum mucosa and liver mitochondria (P ≤ 0.01) and the lowest Cu concentration in liver mitochondria (P < 0.01). Jejunum mucosa mitochondria Cu concentration was the highest at day 35 and 42 (P ≤ 0.06) for 1000Zn piglets. The highest (P ≤ 0.03) oxygen consumption rate in liver mitochondria, and the lowest hepatic cytochrome c oxidase activity (P = 0.06) and intracellular ATP concentrations were detected in 3000Zn piglets. There was no effect on genes related to Cu transfer to mitochondria (COX17), the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (SCO1, SCO2, COX8A) and the synthesis of ATP (ATP6V1G3) in jejunum mucosa and liver (P ≥ 0.21). Jejunum mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in 3000Zn piglets than 100Zn piglets (P = 0.02). The jejunum mucosa mRNA expression of SOD1 tended to be lower (P = 0.08) and that of GPX2 was the lowest (P ≤ 0.01) in 3000Zn piglets whereas CCS was not affected by treatments (P = 0.33). The jejunum mucosa mRNA expression of genes related to the innate immune response was lowest for 3000 piglets (P ≤ 0.01). Hepatic SOD and GPx activities tended to be the lowest for 3000Zn piglets (P ≤ 0.09) whereas the mRNA expression of CCS was the highest (P ≤ 0.03) and that of GSS tended to be the highest in 3000Zn piglets (P = 0.07). There was no effect on the hepatic mRNA expression of genes related to immune response (P ≥ 0.22). At the systemic level, plasma carbonyls concentrations and GPx activity were the highest (P ≤ 0.02) in 3000Zn piglets whereas SOD activity was not impacted (P ≥ 0.33). In conclusion, high dietary levels of Zn had detrimental effects on Zn and Cu homeostasis in the jejunum mucosa and liver. In the jejunum mucosa, the unbalanced Zn and Cu metabolism disrupted the SOD1 response but other antioxidant mechanisms were apparently effective in maintaining the redox balance, whereas in liver it resulted in a dysfunctional mitochondria respiratory chain and an impaired antioxidant response in post-weaning piglets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".