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Record W4410545766 · doi:10.25167/sk.5872

Education, fascism, memory, and the crisis of democracy in the 21st Century: Rethinking 9/11

2025· article· en· W4410545766 on OpenAlex
Henry A. Giroux

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueStudia Krytyczne/Critical Studies · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicItalian Fascism and Post-war Society
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDemocracyPolitical sciencePolitical economyPsychoanalysisEconomic historyPsychologySociologyHistoryLawPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article examines the intersection of memory, militarism, and the rise of fascism in the United States in the aftermath of 9/11. It explores how the post-9/11 era, initially marked by national unity and solidarity, quickly devolved into militarism, xenophobia, and the erosion of civil liberties. The manipulation of collective memory and a regressive form of education have played a central role in the rise of far-right authoritarianism, with fear and historical amnesia fueling fascist politics. The commodification of loss and the disavowal of collective responsibility have undermined democracy, contributing to the current crisis of authoritarianism in America. Central to the fight against this authoritarian drift is the crucial notion of making education central to politics and the production of what might be called a radical democratic imaginary, which plays a vital role in shaping critically informed citizens. The article emphasizes that reclaiming educational spaces—both formal and cultural—as sites of critical inquiry and resistance is essential for resisting fascism and reimagining a democratic future.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesScience and technology studies
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.801
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.003
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.346
Teacher spread0.323 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it