The Tragic Fate of Ethnic Germans and Mennonites of Ukraine during the Holodomor of 1932–1933, Assistance to the Starving from Foreign Charitable Organizations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The proposed publication is dedicated to one of the most interesting, complex, important and extremely dramatic problems in the history of the peoples of Ukraine - the Holodomor of 1932-1933. The article reveals the prerequisites, causes and tragic consequences of the events associated with the Holodomor in Ukraine in the 1930s. It is noted that the Holodomor was the result of the social, economic and, first of all, agrarian policy of the Soviet government and the main directions of its implementation - the policy of collectivization, the strict introduction of grain procurement, the dispossession of peasants and social pressure on the Ukrainian peasantry. Tens of thousands of citizens of Europe, the USA, Canada and other countries of the world tried to help those who were dying of hunger as a result of the criminal actions of the Stalinist regime. To organize assistance to the starving in the USSR (as during the famine of 1921-1923), numerous state and public charitable organizations began to emerge. The charitable activities of foreign public and religious organizations in providing assistance to the starving in Ukraine and the opposition of the authorities to these measures of the foreign public are shown. The author emphasizes that famine, Holodomor, terror by hunger, the death of millions of people became the common tragic fate of Ukrainian society, Ukrainians, Germans, Mennonites, Swedes, Poles, Jews, Russians, doomed to torture under the conditions of Stalin’s totalitarian regime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".