Single pass fs writing of photonics components in low-iron soda lime glass through selective pulse number control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents single-pass, ultra-fast laser writing of different photonic components, based on modulating the laser pulse picker by an arbitrary waveform. The effect of various writing parameters on the induced refractive index change for obtaining positive index single-mode waveguides inside a low-iron soda lime glass sample is studied. An index contrast of 5.810- 3 is achieved. The technique can also inscribe a strong uniform Bragg grating waveguide (BGW) in the same writing passage with a transmission dip of 35 dB in the C-band, a mode taper to match a standard single-mode fiber, and a no-bend coupler. The inscription of BGW shows a strong dependence on the laser polarization state relative to the scan direction. Polarization parallel to the scan direction increases the attenuation level by around 10dB compared to the orthogonal state writing. Furthermore, we show that the capability of this method for inscribing tapered waveguides improves coupling efficiency to the smf-28 fiber by an amount of 3.26 dB compared to the un-tapered waveguide. The effect of pulse numbers on mode-field diameter (MFD) allows the inscription of straight couplers with coupling constants ranging from 16.6 m- 1 to 42.4 m- 1 which has the benefit of no bending loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".