Compact wideband and high gain horn slot antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide for X band applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design and implementation of a wideband low-loss H-plane horn slot antenna array excited by a 2-by-2 bottom-fed planar corporate feeding network is presented in this paper. The feeding network is presented by a 2-by-2 symmetric power dividing system designed to feed a 2-by-2 slot antenna array from bottom. The feeding network is realized using printed ridge gap waveguide technology as a magnetic ground, to suppress surface wave propagation and to enable quasi-TEM wave propagation along the microstrip feed. Each of the power-divider branches in the feeding network excites a slot, while maintaining the impedance bandwidth of the original unloaded power divider. The feeding mechanism and H-plane horn elements help to control the sidelobe levels and increase the overall gain. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations, with an impedance bandwidth of over 58.5%, covering the entire X-band, with a peak gain of 14.1 dBi at 10 GHz, and a measured radiation efficiency greater than 86% throughout the operating frequency range, with a peak of 99% at 10 GHz. These are significant improvements compared to an impedance bandwidth of less than 25% and a gain of 11 dBi for the antenna array without the horn elements. The antenna has a compact size of [Formula: see text] or 1.6[Formula: see text]1.6[Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text] at 10 GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".