Wideband and Compact Dual-Polarized Array Antenna on Square Waveguide for 5G Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a wideband and compact dual-polarized array antenna for millimeter-wave 5G applications. The antenna is designed based on a 16-way corporate feed network on square waveguide technology to support two orthogonal modes for operation over a wide bandwidth of 37 GHz to 42 GHz. To keep the antenna's size compact, a$4.4 mm \times 4.4 mm$square waveguide is used for the design with cut-off frequency at 34 GHz. Therefore, to cover lower band of the desired operating bandwidth of 37 GHz to 42 GHz for both polarizations, vertical and horizontal pairs of irises are employed in the feed network. In the presented design, element to element spacing is 5 mm equal to$0.65 \lambda$(at 39.5 GHz) which makes the structure compact and a good candidate for beam-steering applications. Based on the simulation results, the designed antenna shows a return loss of less than almost −10 dB, stable realized gain of better than 18.8 dBi, and side lobe level of less than −13 dB for both vertical and horizontal polarizations. The designed prototype has been fabricated by 3D printing machine and the measurement results prove the accuracy of the achieved simulation results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".