A Dual-Band, Printed Inverted-F Antenna for Multi-Region ISM and GNSS Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A modified printed IFA which exhibits dual-band behavior and an omnidirectional radiation pattern is proposed. It is intended for multi-region ISM (863–928 MHz) and multi-constellation GNSS (1559–1610 MHz) applications, where the antenna's 3D orientation and position is highly dynamic, such as sports tracking and monitoring. The proposed design features a first, low-frequency meandered resonator and a second, high frequency straight resonator line. Two ground shorting paths allow for adjustment of the antenna's feed impedance. Two antenna variants were designed, using different substrate materials and thicknesses. The two variants were simulated, and prototypes were constructed and measured using a vector network analyzer. One prototype was manually trimmed by shortening the meandered line by 4.8 mm to achieve the intended center frequency. Of the three prototype variants, the trimmed FR408HR variant exhibited the most optimal reflection coefficient; within the intended operating bands, the antenna features a measured reflection coefficient below -7.68 dB, and simulated radiation efficiency greater than 96.4 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".