Time-transgressive response of benthic foraminifera to the deglaciation of the Northeast Greenland shelf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proxy-based reconstructions are imperative for understanding long-term ice dynamics, ecological conditions, and oceanographic variability following the deglaciation due to the temporal limitation of instrumental records. This study examines the response of benthic foraminiferal assemblages to the deglaciation of the Northeast Greenland shelf based on three sediment cores from the Belgica Trough (∼77°N), testing to which degree the foraminifera show a consistent response to environmental change. Recent studies from the Belgica Trough reveal that the shelf edge was deglaciated before 16.6 cal ka BP through a stepwise ice retreat, followed by a rapid retreat through the inner shelf, likely before 12.5 cal ka BP. The results of this study reveal the subsequent development of the deglaciated marine environment to exhibit a consistent time-transgressive foraminiferal assemblage succession across the core sites, delineated by three distinct foraminiferal zones. This allows us to further improve previous reconstructions of the deglacial-Holocene paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic development of the shelf. It also highlights the sensitivity of benthic foraminifera towards the complex interaction between ice dynamics, ecological conditions, and oceanographic variability, proving their reliability and consistency as a proxy. Comparisons with other Arctic deglacial successions suggest the potential for identifying standard assemblages to recognize specific stages in a deglacial succession: Assemblages characterized by the species Stetsonia horvathi , Stainforthia concava, and Glomulina oculus appear as a reliable indicator of sub-ice shelf conditions following deglaciation, while stable higher salinity conditions often found during periods of influx of Atlantic-derived water is characterized by Cassidulina neoteretis , Cassidulina reniforme , and Islandiella norcrossi . High-productivity environments are advantageous for Melonis barleeanus , Stainforthia feylingi , and other eutrophic species, and these species thus make out a reliable standard for recognizing productive paleoenvironments often linked to ice edges or seasonal sea ice. Dissolution of calcareous taxa, and dominance of agglutinated taxa characterize cold, corrosive bottom water conditions and/or periods of brine formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".