More Than Academics: Time Use and Friendship Stress Also Covary with Canadian University Students’ Mental Health Symptoms Across the Academic Year
Bibliographic record
Abstract
University students are faced with unique challenges that put them at risk for mental health problems. The purpose of the current study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of mental health in this context by examining associations of life stressors in addition to academic stress with mental health symptoms across the academic year. Undergraduate students (n = 1,030, 62% women), aged 18–65 (M = 22.52, SD = 4.80) completed monthly and biweekly surveys over the academic year. A range of stressors were reported, with academics, time use, and friendship stress being the most frequently reported stressors. The total number of stressors reported for a given month was positively correlated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms reported in that month. When students reported elevated academic and friendship stress, and engaged in fewer leisure activities, they reported more mental health symptoms. Findings indicate that students experience a wide range of stressors, including those not related to academics, and that these life stressors covary with mental health and contribute to role strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".