More Than Academics: Time Use and Friendship Stress Also Covary with Canadian University Students’ Mental Health Symptoms Across the Academic Year
Bibliographic record
Abstract
University students are faced with unique challenges that put them at risk for mental health problems. The purpose of the current study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of mental health in this context by examining associations of life stressors in addition to academic stress with mental health symptoms across the academic year. Undergraduate students (n = 1,030, 62% women), aged 18–65 (M = 22.52, SD = 4.80) completed monthly and biweekly surveys over the academic year. A range of stressors were reported, with academics, time use, and friendship stress being the most frequently reported stressors. The total number of stressors reported for a given month was positively correlated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms reported in that month. When students reported elevated academic and friendship stress, and engaged in fewer leisure activities, they reported more mental health symptoms. Findings indicate that students experience a wide range of stressors, including those not related to academics, and that these life stressors covary with mental health and contribute to role strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".