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Cannabis consumption patterns, adverse events, and cannabis risk beliefs: A latent profile analysis in WA State

2025· article· en· W4410590878 on OpenAlexaff
Sharon B. Garrett, Jason Williams, Beatriz H. Carlini, David Hammond

Bibliographic record

VenueDrug and Alcohol Dependence · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCannabisPsychologyPsychiatryEnvironmental healthMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Cannabis legalization has increased the diversity of products available to people wishing to purchase cannabis. Understanding profiles of people who use cannabis, including use of different product types and how these relate to adverse events and risk beliefs may aid public health professionals, clinicians, and people who use cannabis who are seeking to reduce the risk of cannabis use. This cross-sectional study used data from Washington State residents between 16 and 65 years old collected between 2019 and 2022 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study to characterize of patterns of use through Latent Profile Analysis. The study describes six cluster groups made up of those who reported past year cannabis use (N = 3298) that differed by frequency of use of cannabis product types, ranging from the lowest use group that averaged weekly use of primarily flower to a group characterized by daily use of concentrates. Contrasting with clinical studies that indicate that adverse events increase with THC levels and frequency of use, this group reported significantly fewer adverse events than the group with the next most frequent use who reported a greater variety of product types. These findings may be influenced by transitions between groups, which are not captured in this cross-sectional study. The four groups with most frequent use and greatest variety of product types, were all significantly more likely to self-identify as "addicted" than the lowest use, primarily flower, group. There were few differences in risk beliefs between groups. Efforts to reduce cannabis risk should focus on reducing frequency of use and possibly limiting polymodal cannabis use.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.032
Threshold uncertainty score0.991

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.296
Teacher spread0.284 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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