Water-Column Zone Impacts Non-Essential Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish Occupying Different Zones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy have documented increases in heavy metals with specific properties, resulting in differing concentrations throughout the water column. Whether this impacts metal accumulation in fish that occupy different zones of the water column is unknown; as such, this was the focus of this work. Commercially harvested fish spanning the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and demersal zones of the water column had weight for length (LWR) recorded and biopsies taken. Demersal fish had the highest levels of arsenic and nickel, whereas fish in the epipelagic and demersal zones showed the highest levels of cadmium, lead, mercury and thallium. Compared to historic data, LWR was reduced in one epipelagic species (15%) and two demersal species (24%, 25%). Mesopelagic species showed increased LWR (23%) concurrent with overall lowest metal exposure. These findings demonstrate that fish accumulate non-essential metals at levels dependent on location in the water column, impacting their growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".