DimenFix: A novel meta-strategy to preserve user-defined data values on dimensionality reduction layouts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dimensionality Reduction (DR) methods have become essential tools for the data analysis toolbox. Typically, DR methods combine features of a multivariate dataset to produce dimensions in a reduced space, preserving some data properties, usually pairwise distances or local neighborhoods. Preserving such properties makes DR methods attractive, but it is also one of their weaknesses. When calculating the embedded dimensions, usually through non-linear strategies, the original feature values are lost and not explicitly represented in the spatialization of the produced layouts, making it challenging to interpret the results and understand the features’ contributions to the attained representations. Some strategies have been proposed to tackle this issue, such as coloring the DR layouts or generating explanations. Still, they are post-processes, so specific features (values) are not guaranteed to be preserved or represented. This paper proposes DimenFix , a novel meta-DR strategy that explicitly preserves the values of a particular user-defined feature or external data (not used to generate a layout) in one of the embedded axes. DimenFix can be used to preserve ordinal (e.g., numerical measures) and nominal (e.g., labels) values and works with virtually any gradient-descent DR method. It requires minimum changes to the underlying DR technique, running in linear time considering the number of data instances. In our results, involving Force Scheme and t-SNE adaptations, DimenFix was capable of representing features without heavily impacting distance or neighborhood preservation, allowing for creating hybrid layouts that join characteristics of scatter plots and DR methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".