Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and the relationship with active commuting to school in Spanish urban areas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction New guidelines from Canada indicate that the integration of all movement behaviours [physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) and sleep time (SLT)] is important for health across the day. Active commuting to school (ACS) provides an opportunity to increase PA levels daily while replacing sedentary time passively commuting. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACS, and if meeting the different guidelines included in the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines is associated with ACS in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate adherence to ACS in relation to environment, psychosocial variables, and healthy lifestyle factors in Spanish adolescents. The final sample included 686 adolescents (mean age = 14.81 ± 0.52 years, 50.8% girls) from seven Spanish urban areas stratified by SES and walkability. Adolescents filled in an “ad hoc” questionnaire on the mode of commuting to school and lifestyle behaviors based on the PACO&PACA questionnaire. Logistic regression models were fit to evaluate if meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with ACS. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results A total of 55.8% adolescents commuted actively from home to school. Data showed active commuters (AC) met 24-Hour Movement Guidelines more than passive commuters (PC). Evidence from the binary logistic regression indicated that those who met two Guidelines (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01–2.59; p = 0.047) had higher odds of ACS than those who did not meet any 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. In particular, girls who met two or all 24-Hour Movement Guidelines had higher odds of ACS than those who met none (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.10–3.87; OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.00–5.27, respectively). Conclusions In conclusion, our study suggests that meeting more 24-Hour Movement Guidelines is associated with ACS in adolescents. In addition, promoting ACS as a strategy to meet the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines is recommended particularly for adolescent girls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".