Generation of Coincident EMIC and Whistler Mode Waves by Solar Wind Compression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC), chorus, and hiss waves are all implicated as loss mechanisms for scattering radiation belt electrons into the atmosphere. Here we present Van Allen Probe observations of the coincident excitation of EMIC and chorus waves outside the plasmasphere and hiss waves inside the plasmasphere due to the compression generated by the impact of an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) shock on 9 January 2014 at 20:10 UT. The magnetospheric compression generated electron and ion perpendicular temperature anisotropies, leading to growth on both the ion and electron cyclotron branches in the noon local time sector. Such simultaneous compression-related EMIC, chorus, and hiss observations may significantly impact the acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons, especially scattering loss into the atmosphere during quiet times and the onset and main phase of geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we examine compression-related quasi-linear wave growth and discuss how compressions not followed by a geomagnetic storm or substorm, such as observed during the event discussed here, may lead to EMIC, chorus, and hiss waves contributing to the quiet time dynamics of the radiation belt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".