Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Green Synthesised <i>Haloxylon</i> Capped Silver Nanoparticles Against <scp> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> </scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study synthesised and characterised Haloxylon-capped silver nanoparticles (Haloxylon-AgNPs) and assessed their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The study also examined Haloxylon-AgNPs' ability to target E. faecalis biofilms in root canals. Haloxylon salicornicum extract was used to synthesise silver nanoparticles. Physiochemical characterisation of Haloxylon-AgNPs was conducted. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Haloxylon-AgNPs was studied by agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, time-kill assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and qPCR for virulence gene attenuation. One hundred and twenty extracted teeth were infected with E. faecalis and treated with either Haloxylon-AgNPs, chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide or saline. The data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test to investigate the bacterial reduction between groups (p < 0.05, significant; p < 0.001, highly significant). A significant reduction in the thickness of biofilm and expression of cylA virulence gene of Haloxylon-AgNPs treated E. faecalis was observed. No difference was observed between Haloxylon-AgNPs, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide in the tooth model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".