Pilot scale study of elevated pressure autothermal dry reforming of methane over Ni-UGSO pellets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work investigates syngas production via the auto-thermal dry reforming (ATDR) of methane under a pressures range of 1–10 bar over Nickle supported upgraded slag oxide pellets (Ni-UGSO) prepared from metallurgical residues. The effects of process parameters (i.e., reaction pressure, temperature, feed ratio, gas hourly space velocity, and O 2 feed distribution) on methane conversion and syngas selectivity are also determined. The Ni-UGSO pellets consistently show resistance to coke formation owing to the excellent Ni dispersion in Al- and Fe-based spinels and Mg-rich silicates. The catalysts did not deactivate at pressures between 1–8 bar, and close to the equilibrium CH 4 conversion (80 %) was achieved at 8 bar, CH 4 /O 2 = 2, CH 4 /CO 2 = 3, 850°C, and 800 GHSV (L/h.kg). The pellets exhibited high activity and stability by providing a nearly constant H 2 /CO ratio (∼1) for 8 h at 8 bar under autothermal conditions. However, further operation was unfeasible because the O 2 feed line oxidized midway through the experiment at 850°C and 8 bar, highlighting challenges in maintaining material stability for elevated-pressure ATDR. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that, at 10 bar, a higher reactant concentration resulted in significant sintering, impacting both the active metal and support structure. This can be attributed to the higher extent of complete methane combustion, which generated excessive hotspots, decreased CO 2 conversion to 15 %, and led to the thermal degradation of the catalyst. Thus, the oxygen and methane distribution should be set carefully to avoid uncontrolled total methane combustion during the elevated-pressure ATDR of methane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".