A Numerical Approach to Evaluate the Geothermal Potential of a Flooded Open-Pit Mine: Example from the Carey Canadian Mine (Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abandoned mines represent an innovative and under-exploited resource to meet current energy challenges, particularly because of their geothermal potential. Flooded open-pits, such as those located in the Thetford Mines region (Eastern Canada), provide large, thermally stable water reservoirs, ideal for the use of geothermal cooling systems. Thermal short-circuiting that can impact the system performance affected by both free and forced convective heat transfer is hard to evaluate in these large water reservoirs subject to various heat sink and sources. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of natural heat transfer mechanisms on the performance of an open-loop geothermal system that could be installed in a flooded open-pit mine. Energy needs of an industrial plant using water from the flooded Carey Canadian mine were considered to develop a 3D numerical finite element model to evaluate the thermal impact associated with the operation of the system considering free and forced convection in the flooded open-pit, the natural flow of water into the pit, climatic variations at the surface and the terrestrial heat flux. The results indicate that the configuration of the proposed system meets the plant cooling needs over a period of 50 years and can provide a cooling power of approximately 2.3 MW. The simulations also demonstrated the importance of understanding the hydrological and hydrogeological systems impacting the performance of the geothermal operations expected in a flooded open-pit mine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".