Early-life feeding of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid beneficially modulated ileum and splenocyte oxylipins to support oral tolerance development in allergy-prone BALB/c mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early-life feeding of arachidonic acid (ARA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to promote immune changes associated with oral tolerance (OT). Oxylipins have been demonstrated to be modulated by diet and alter immune function. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early-life feeding of ARA+DHA modulated the ileum and ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged splenocyte oxylipin profile in a way that is beneficial for OT development. METHOD: Allergy-prone BALB/c dams were fed a control (0 %ARA, 0 %DHA) or ARA+DHA (1 %ARA, 1 %DHA) diet during suckling. At 3wks, half of the pups were killed to analyze ileum morphology and oxylipin profile. The remaining pups continued consuming the maternal diets. From day 21-25, pups received daily oral gavage of sucrose or OVA, followed by intraperitoneal OVA injections on day 35 and 41. At 6wks, pups were killed to analyze plasma OVA-specific-IgE and -IgG, ileum morphology, splenocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition and ex vivo splenocyte oxylipin production after OVA stimulation. RESULTS: ARA+DHA supplementation resulted in a 5-fold reduction in plasma OVA-IgE concentration, confirming OT development. At 3wks, ARA+DHA-fed mice had higher ileum levels of 8-HETE, 14,15-DiHETrE, 4-HDHA, 17-HDHA and 19,20-EpDPE and lower levels of 13-HODE and 20-HETE, which suggests better ileum maturation, lower inflammation and enhanced tolerogenic immune regulation to support OT. The longer villi, shorter crypts and higher villus/crypt ratio confirmed the superior ileum maturation. At 6wks, ARA+DHA supplementation increased oxylipin substrates (ARA, DHA, linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) in splenocyte phospholipids. After OVA stimulation, splenocytes from ARA+DHA-fed mice produced more PGD2, 5-HETE, 15-HETE and 20-HDHA and less TXB2 and 12-HETE, which suggests inhibited Th2 and allergic responses and enhanced tolerogenic immune modulation to support OT. CONCLUSION: Early-life feeding of ARA+DHA beneficially modulated the oxylipin profile in the ileum and OVA-challenged splenocytes to support OT development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".