Walking Together: Canadian Churches’ Campaigns for Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the roles of the Canadian churches in Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War. It pays particular attention to the strategies adopted by the Canadian churches involved in fundraising for Biafra and the implications of those efforts for the civilian victims of the war in the Biafran enclave. The total blockade of Biafra imposed on the secessionist state by the Nigerian government caused widespread starvation. In most parts of Biafra, it was commonplace for children to suffer from all kinds of diseases, especially kwashiorkor, as a result of lack of access to food, medicine, and other vital survival materials. Canadian missionaries who visited the secessionist enclave to assess the situation and its impact on Biafran civilians returned to Canada and mobilized their church members to support Biafra. Although the efforts of the Canadian churches were significant in the overall humanitarian scheme in wartime Biafra, their interventions were limited due to a lack of support and commitment from the Canadian government.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".