Inflammatory myopathy and myocarditis are relevant complications of natural feline immunodeficiency virus infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory myopathy (IM) and myocarditis are relevant complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. IM has also been reported in adult cats with experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. The present study investigated naturally FIV-infected cats for IM and myocarditis and further characterized the inflammatory processes and their potential pathogenesis. Snap-frozen skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris (QF) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles) and myocardial samples from naturally FIV-infected cats and controls were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for leukocytes and FIV-p24-gag, and by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for the relative transcription of inflammatory mediators. Sera from FIV antibody-positive cats were tested for anti-skeletal muscle autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Inflammatory infiltrates were observed in 9/31 (35%) QF and TB muscles and 11/30 (37%) myocardial samples from FIV-infected cats, frequently in combination. The infiltrates were dominated by T-cells, with rare B-cells and macrophages; several leukocytes harbored FIV-p24-gag. The T-cell count in the QF was positively correlated with the T-cell count in TB and myocardium. Skeletal muscle of FIV-positive animals showed significantly higher transcription of interferon-gamma , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin (IL)-17 , and transforming growth factor-beta than the controls, whereas the myocardium exhibited significantly higher IL-17 and lower IL-13 mRNA levels. IIF showed anti-skeletal muscle autoantibodies in sera of FIV positive cats up to a dilution of 1:1000. The results show that natural FIV infection is frequently associated with IM and myocarditis and driven by T-cells, with Th1/Th17 polarization of the response. The presence of circulating anti-muscle autoantibodies suggests an underlying autoimmune pathogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".