The Prevalence of Core Muscles Weakness and Fatigue in 18-to 25-Year-Old Medical College Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Core muscles play a significant role in the stability of the back spine, ribcage, and lumbopelvic region by influencing daily living activities and balance. Objectives: To investigate core muscles weakness among male and female medical college students aged 18-25 and to evaluate their core muscle endurance using the McGill core endurance tests. Also, to assess fatigue levels among participants using the Rating of Fatigue Scale (ROF). Methods: A total of 246 participants were recruited from Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC) and Johar Institute of Professional Studies (JIPS), Lahore, using non-probability convenient sampling. The sample size was determined using Epitool software. To assess core muscle endurance, the McGill Core Endurance Test was administered. Additionally, the Rating of Fatigue Scale was used to evaluate fatigue levels among participants. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Numeric data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: 92.68% of participants exhibited core muscles weakness during the 60º Spinal Flexion Test, and 96.75% of participants exhibited core muscles weakness during the Side Plank Tests. Another Rating of fatigue is a prevalent issue among the participants, with only 10.2% reporting no fatigue. The majority of participants (43.5%) experienced mild fatigue, while a significant proportion (37%) reported moderate fatigue. Furthermore, 8.5% of participants experienced severe fatigue, and 0.8% reported the worst fatigue. Conclusions: It was concluded that a remarkably high prevalence of core muscles weakness was found among medical college students. Furthermore, failure to engage core muscles during daily activities likely contributes to this prevalent weakness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".