A 3D-printed circularly polarized cavity-based slotted waveguide antenna for kidney cancer detection application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna based on a waveguide cavity resonator for kidney cancer detection applications. The cavity is coupled to the input port via a capacitive iris, ensuring strong coupling and improved impedance matching compared to conventional waveguide slot antennas. An L-shaped radiating slot, formed by two orthogonal linearly polarized (LP) slots, is etched into the broad wall of the cavity to generate CP radiation. The axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is enhanced by optimizing the slot dimensions. To validate the predicted results, a 3D-printed prototype was fabricated and tested. The measured 10-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 7.4 % at the center frequency ( f 0 ) f 0 = 10 GHz, while the 3-dB ARBW and peak gain are 7.0 % and 7.5 dBic, respectively. The detection capability of the proposed antenna is evaluated in a modeled measurement system, revealing a calculated sensitivity of 0.175 GHz/RIU at f 0 =10 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits a resonance frequency shift of 0.21 GHz when tested with renal cancer cells, distinguishing them from normal cells. These findings demonstrate that the proposed antenna effectively distinguishes between normal and cancerous kidney cells, making its potential as a good candidate for kidney cancer detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".