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Record W4410733199 · doi:10.1139/er-2024-0085

Measuring and responding to forest degradation in Canada: an operational framework

2025· article· en· W4410733199 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Lisa Venier, Barry J. Cooke, Eliot J. B. McIntire, J.P. Brandt, Daniel W. McKenney, Diana Stralberg, André Arsenault, Karima Bakka, Anna Drake, Jason Edwards, Erik J. S. Emilson, Ben Filewod, Caroline Gagné, Martin P. Girardin, Chelene C. Hanes, Andrew Judge, Jason A. Leach, Katalijn MacAfee, H.F. Macdonald, Chris J.K. MacQuarrie, Nicolas Mansuy, Christa Mooney, Dave Morris, Eric W. Neilson, Romi Oshier, David Paré, Douglas E.B. Reid, B. P. Smiley, C. Smyth, Ellen Whitman, Joanne C. White, G. Stinson

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironmental Reviews · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicForest Management and Policy
Canadian institutionsMinistry of Natural Resources and ForestryNatural Resources CanadaAlgoma UniversityCanadian Forest Service
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnvironmental scienceForest degradationDegradation (telecommunications)Environmental degradationEnvironmental resource managementEcologyLand degradationLand useComputer scienceBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Forest degradation resulting from human disturbance is a global concern that contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, and reduced human health and well-being. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework for measuring and responding to forest degradation, and to identify a suite of indicators of forest change and describe their potential utility. The most significant challenges associated with measuring and responding to degradation are the lack of an agreed upon reference condition, the attribution of indicator change to specific pressures, and the integration of multiple indicators. We make seven recommendations that will improve our capacity to measure and respond to degradation including using a phased and adaptive process that integrates research with monitoring, and the integration of field-based research and remote sensing with ecosystem models to evaluate outcomes in relation to multiple policy scenarios. In addition, we recommend the use of multiple indicators to capture a wide range of forest characteristics at multiple spatial scales. We recognize that ecological and biophysical state indicators are the most informative for identifying forest degradation, but that measuring drivers, pressures, and responses are also necessary for weighing trade-offs and to support policy change as a response to degradation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.409
Threshold uncertainty score0.875

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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