Toggle-Untoggle: A cell segmentation tool with an interactive user verification interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Accurate cell segmentation is an essential step in the quantitative analysis of fluorescence microscopy images. Pre-trained deep learning models for automatic cell segmentation, such as Cellpose, offer strong performance across a variety of biological datasets but may still introduce segmentation errors. While training custom models can improve accuracy, it often requires programming expertise and significant time, limiting the accessibility of automatic cell segmentation for many wet lab researchers. To address this gap, we developed “Toggle-Untoggle”, a desktop application that combines automated segmentation using the Cellpose “cyto3” model with a user-friendly graphical interface for intuitive segmentation quality control. Our app allows users to refine results by interactively toggling individual segmented cells on or off without the need to manually edit segmentation masks, and to export morphological data and cell outlines for downstream analysis. Here we demonstrate the utility of “Toggle-Untoggle” in enabling accurate, efficient single-cell analysis on real-world fluorescence microscopy data, with no coding skills required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".