Shift of DNA methylation class may occur on recurrence of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a circumscribed glioma predominantly located in the temporal lobe and characterized by large, often multinucleated, pleomorphic lipidized cells, spindle cells, and numerous eosinophilic granular bodies.1 Tumor cells exhibit at least focal positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD34 immunostaining and have a typical molecular profile including a BRAF mutation, or other MAPK pathway gene alterations, coupled with CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion.2,3 In addition, PXAs display a distinct DNA methylation profile that is useful for distinguishing morphologically similar tumors.4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, PXAs are classified grade 2 or 3 based on mitotic index, with ≥2.5 mitoses/mm2 indicating grade 3.1 Progression from CNS WHO grade 2 to grade 3 has been associated with acquisition of TERT promoter (pTERT) mutations that represent significant prognostic indicators for PXAs.3,5,6 Indeed, the reported 5-year overall survival rates exceed 80% for CNS WHO grade 2 PXAs and are less than 60% for grade 3 PXAs.3,6
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".