Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter focuses on restrictions on remedies for patent infringement. Generally speaking, infringement actions must be commenced within a certain ‘limitation period’ after an alleged infringement takes place. The limitation period in patent infringement cases only limits the scope of the damages awardable and not whether the action can be brought. In Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, damages may be refused even if there is patent infringement if the test for ‘innocent infringement’ is met. There is no provision for innocent infringement in Canada, the United States, or France. However, an intention to infringe is required for Chinese and French criminal proceedings for patent infringement. Damages awards may be reduced in respect of amended patents in Australia and the United Kingdom, for the period prior to amendment if the unamended patent was not framed in good faith or with reasonable skill and knowledge. The same rule applies to awards of an account of profits in Australia, but not in the United Kingdom.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.063 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".