Characterizing the role of hind flippers in hydrodynamics of a harbor seal
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of harbor seal locomotion, focusing on the role of hind flippers in thrust generation and wake dynamics. Through three-dimensional numerical simulations using an immersed boundary method at Reynolds number of 3000, we analyze the impact of varying Strouhal number (St = 0.2-0.35) and propulsive wavelength (λ∗= 1.0-1.2) on swimming performance. Our findings reveal two distinct wake patterns: a single-row structure at lower Strouhal numbers (St⩽0.25) and a double-row configuration at higher St (St⩾0.3). Increasing wavelength generally enhances thrust production by reducing both pressure and friction of drag components. Additionally, we identify critical vortex interactions between the front and hind flippers, with destructive interference occurring at lower St and constructive patterns emerging at higher St. Circulation analysis confirms stronger vortex formation at higher St andλ∗, particularly during the left stroke phase. These results provide novel insights into the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying seal locomotion and contribute to our understanding of efficient aquatic propulsion systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it