An analytical approach for three-dimensional thermal analysis of moving heat source on orthotropic solid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Rosenthal steady-state analytical solution for the temperature distribution caused by a moving point heat source on a semi-infinite, homogeneous, isotropic solid has been extensively used in modeling metallurgical processes, e.g., arc welding. This study develops a three-dimensional analytical closed-form solution for the temperature field induced by a point heat source moving across a semi-infinite orthotropic solid. The formulation accommodates arbitrary orientations of the heat source’s motion relative to the material’s in-plane principal axes and is extended to solids with finite thickness. Subsequently, using the superposition of the linear solutions, a general methodology is proposed to predict the temperature distribution resulting from an arbitrarily distributed heat source. Verification of the closed-form solution and validation of the distributed heating condition against finite element simulations demonstrate excellent agreement. The analytical framework offers potential for thermal modeling of processing methods used for polymeric composites, e.g., additive manufacturing and continuous welding of thermoplastic composites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".