Westminster Politicians and Rectorial Elections in Scotland's Universities, 1820–1920
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article focuses on the relationship of Westminster politicians to rectorial elections at Scottish universities between the first obviously ‘political’ contest at Glasgow in 1820 and Lloyd George’s triumph in Edinburgh in 1920. It argues that the widely reported return of Sir Robert Peel at the University of Glasgow in 1836 underlined the partisan political potential of the elections and established many of the features of the subsequent elections at Glasgow and elsewhere. After mid-century, such political contests – often fierce and bipartisan – were increasingly normal following the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858, and the article examines how rectorial contests functioned to offer parliamentarians and their supporters a range of opportunities. Finally, the article engages in a closer examination of two rectorial contests towards the end of the period to indicate how far these had become sites of professionalization and training grounds for aspiring politicians by the early twentieth century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".