The Relationship between Walkability and The Built Environment: The Bibliometric Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this research is to map out existing knowledge regarding the relationship between walkability and built environment studies in order to comprehend global trends in this area within four decades between 1976 and 2022 by using two sophisticated tools called VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The issues on the dependence on motorized transportation has been receiving high attention in this 21st century. Keeping up with the high pace of publications on the holistic knowledge is significant. The bibliometric technique provides a more in-depth understanding of the knowledge and anticipates patterns for future study. This study utilizes the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS) database. The data extraction period is set from 1976 to 2022, yielding 2,004 publications. The results reveal a rapid increase of publications. The USA is the most prominent country in exploring the notion in this field, which is followed by Australia and Canada. Furthermore, the built environment, walking, and physical activity are the highly discussed topic during the four decades. The built environment is an underlying factor for walkability within the macroscale and microscale which affect environment, health, and social aspect. Those factors then influence the willingness of people to walk for their daily needs to their destinations. The findings present a development trend and a rigorous framework, which could help scholars and practitioners further investigate this subject in anticipating future development trends and lead to more advanced research in this field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.038 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".