Impact of support on acetone oxidation by Ag@S (S=CeO2, Al2O3, ZSM-5) catalysts under VUV illumination at room temperature: Improving synergy, influence of relative humidity, and in-situ mechanistic studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of support on acetone photocatalytic degradation by Ag@S (S=CeO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZSM-5) using vacuum ultraviolet ( VUV) irradiation. Under VUV light, the type of support can affect the process of acetone oxidation at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. At the microscopic level, the results from XAS and XPS analyses indicated that the nature of the support can change the oxidation state of silver as the active component where the Ag 0 /Ag + ratio for Ag@CeO 2 , Ag@ZSM-5, and Ag@Al 2 O 3 were 0.09, 0.20, and 0.42, respectively. At the macroscopic level, the support can control the dominance of the oxidation mechanism where ozone-assisted photocatalytic oxidation was the core mechanism of the Ag@CeO 2 catalyst, catalytic ozonation was the active mechanism for Ag@Al 2 O 3 and Ag@ZSM-5. Among these three catalysts, Ag@Al 2 O 3 exhibited superior activity as about 89% of VOC was degraded. The excellent activity of Ag@Al 2 O 3 under VUV light is ascribed to the fact that Al 2 O 3 serves not only as a storage site for acetone molecules but also reacts with acetone to form intermediate surface carboxylates. Moreover, the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the performance of Ag@Al 2 O 3 catalyst under VUV light was investigated and proved the dual character of RH. Although RH enhanced the VUV photolysis performance in the gaseous state, it obstructed the interface of gas-catalyst, resulting in a suppressive impact on the catalytic ozonation reactions. The mechanistic investigations of acetone oxidation were performed where the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) analysis confirmed the role of surface carboxylate. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis exhibited the co-contribution of . OH/ . O 2 − radicals to acetone removal. Eventually, the Ag@Al 2 O 3 durability was evaluated, and one in-situ system for catalyst recovery was applied to suppress its deactivation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".