Fluorinated Interphase Enabled by Lithium Salt‐Driven Electrical Double‐Layer Modulation for Advanced Zinc Metal Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract High‐concentration electrolytes show promise in zinc metal batteries, but low zinc salt solubility limits options. This study introduces a highly soluble, reduction‐active lithium salt into conventional electrolytes. By modifying the solvation structure and electric double layer, the reversibility of the zinc anode is enhanced. At the cathode, ion absorption on the surface leads to a restructured electric double layer, thereby reducing the dissolution of active materials. With this electrolyte, Zn//Cu half‐cells exhibit over 1300 cycle lifespan with an average columbic efficiency of 99.60%. Furthermore, the full‐cell with high mass loading (5 mg cm −2 ) NaV 3 O 8 ·1.5 H 2 O (NVO) cathode and a low negative‐to‐positive (N/P) ratio of 3 retains 95% capacity after 250 cycles. Even at −45 °C, the capacity retention of the battery is almost 100% after 500 cycles. This work highlights the potential of high‐concentration lithium salts to improve the stability of aqueous zinc batteries by modulating solvation structures and interfacial chemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".