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Record W4410875456 · doi:10.5267/j.dsl.2025.3.009

Evaluating women’s happiness levels with ARASsort: The case of Türkiye

2025· article· en· W4410875456 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDecision Science Letters · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender Studies and Social Issues
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHappinessMathematicsPsychologyHumanitiesPhilosophySocial psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The happiness levels of women exhibit variations attributable to a myriad of factors, encompassing economic, social, cultural, and demographic variables. Numerous governments incorporate the measurement of happiness levels as part of life-satisfaction analyses; nonetheless, these analyses lack a comprehensive framework for predicting happiness levels over specific periods. Notably, in developing countries, women confront the adverse consequences of economic, social, cultural, and demographic determinants to a greater extent than men. Paradoxically, they remain significantly underrepresented in both academic and industrial domains. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of happiness levels and their underlying determinants from a gender-oriented perspective. Therefore, the pertinent literature has not dedicated a systematic approach to classify and forecast the happiness of women. The present paper initiates by elucidating the factors influencing women's perceptions of happiness through a comprehensive review of the existing literature. Then, a multiple attribute decision-making algorithm-based sorting methodology, ARASsort, is utilized to evaluate how women’s happiness levels are affected by life satisfaction components in a developing country, Türkiye. The selection of ARASsort is based on its performance over other traditional sorting approaches in terms of time and effort attachment. Various factors affecting the happiness levels of women in different cities in the country sample were discussed and analyzed in detail in accordance with the main findings of the OECD Better Life Index (2020), through representative data selected from TÜİK's life satisfaction dataset.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.435
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0030.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.099
GPT teacher head0.451
Teacher spread0.351 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it