Spatiotemporal dynamics of cryptococcal infection reveal novel immune modulatory mechanisms and antifungal targets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The threat and incidence of fungal diseases are increasing, as is the severity and mortality rates associated with these infections. New strategies to combat fungal infections are urgently needed to overcome rising rates of resistance and the emergence of new pathogens. To promote invasion within a host, fungi use highly adapted and regulated virulence factors, and, in turn, the host adopts an active and dynamic immune response to suppress infection. Understanding the interplay between these processes is crucial to move fungal disease management and treatment forward and improve global health outcomes. Within the present study, we tackle these challenges using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry instrumentation to explore proteome remodeling during active infection of Cryptococcus neoformans at an unprecedented depth with spatiotemporal resolution. Our prioritization of three host organs (i.e., lungs, brain, spleen) critical to initiation, progression, and response of disease discovers tissue-specific remodeling across time. Within the lungs, we revealed early and sustained activation of the host immune response integrated with characterization of a promising new antifungal target, and we propose the discovery of a competitive inhibitor for functional target disruption. Within the brain, proteome remodeling aligns with disease progression, and we define a new mechanistic role for haptoglobin in fungal cell modulation, as well as showcasing an adaptive survival response of C. neoformans within an hypoxic environment. Within the spleen, we reveal new dynamics of immune system activation upon cryptococcal infection. Overall, we provide the deepest integrated view of cryptococcal disease dynamics across temporal and spatial scales, revealing unrecognized mechanisms of host immunity and fungal pathogenesis that offer new avenues for targeted therapeutic intervention and disease management.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".