Hospitalizations in Children With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia and Septo‐Optic‐Pituitary Dysplasia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) causes congenital impaired vision. The diagnosis of septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) is made when ONH occurs in conjunction with hypopituitarism or absent septum pellucidum or abnormal corpus callosum. Our objectives were to describe differences in hospitalisation rates, length of hospital stay (LOS), and the primary reasons for hospitalisations among children with ONH/SOD in comparison to controls. METHODS: A population-based retrospective study with a case-control design was conducted. Cases were 124 ONH/SOD patients (mean age: 13 years, SD: 7.2 years), matched to 620 unrelated population-based controls (mean age: 12.4 years, SD: 7.2 years) on area of residence, year of birth, and sex. Non-parametric statistics were used to test for differences between cases and controls on number of hospital admissions, crude rates of admissions, and LOS. Relative rates (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Primary (most responsible) diagnoses were described for hospitalisations. RESULTS: ONH/SOD cases had the highest percentage of hospitalisations (26.6%-32.3%) in comparison to the control group (10.2%-12.6%), especially in the SOD subgroup with hypopituitarism (42.9%-54.3%) who were also at risk of multiple hospitalisations. ONH/SOD cases had a significantly higher crude hospitalisation rate in comparison to the control group (RR range:2.3-2.8, 95% CI range:1.6-4.2), and was highest in infants < 1-year-old and in the SOD subgroup with hypopituitarism. The median LOS was significantly higher in ONH/SOD cases in comparison to the controls [median (interquartile range):7-8 (3-21) versus 3-4 (2-9) days respectively, p ≤ 0.004]. Diseases of the respiratory system were the primary reasons for hospitalisation in all groups, but they were highest in the ONH/SOD group accounting for 25.3% of their hospitalisations versus 9.5% in the unrelated controls. CONCLUSION: Children with ONH/SOD have a higher rate of hospitalisation and LOS in comparison to controls, especially in the SOD subgroup with hypopituitarism. Diseases of the respiratory system were primarily responsible for hospitalisations in all groups, but disproportionately affected the ONH/SOD group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".