Nesquehonite Precipitation Kinetics in an MSMPR Crystallizer of the MgO–CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O System Issued from Activated Serpentine Carbonation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For the first time, continuous nesquehonite precipitation was investigated. The context of this study is indirect aqueous carbonation. The precipitation was operated in a mixed suspension-mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer. The investigated temperature was 40 °C, but the study also covered 50, 60, and 65 °C for comparison purposes. In a continuous mode, the nesquehonite grains obtained are a perfect spherical assemblage of needles instead of the individual needles usually obtained in batch mode. During precipitations in the MSMPR crystallizer, growth dispersion was noticed when supersaturation values were greater than 20. Growth dispersion is attributed to the high density of dislocation screw sites induced by high supersaturation. Meanwhile, for the idealized MSMPR tests, the linear growth rate varied from 1.11 × 10 –8 to 2.22 × 10 –7 m·s –1 . Volumetric growth rates varied from 5.13 × 10 –17 to 2.63 × 10 –15 m 3 ·s –1 . Primary nucleation varied from 8.06 × 10 04 and 7.02 × 10 05 number·m –3 ·s –1 . Finally, the agglomeration kernel varied from 3.38 × 10 –11 to 6.94 × 10 –8 m 3 ·number –1 ·s –1 . The growth of the crystals is a limited transport growth. It is also found that agglomeration suppresses primary nucleation. In addition, agglomeration is negatively affected by high solid density due to attrition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".