Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abolishing slavery in Madagascar was a project of colonial powers designed to justify their presence as a civilizing force, and the unintended consequences of their policy decisions helped shape the contours of racial identity among the Makoa and Betsileo people. This article will explore the history of this abolition and tie it to modern day descent-based discrimination in Madagascar, exploring how the preoccupations of colonial abolitionists came to define how Malagasy people conceptualize slavery and their ethnic identities today. It will also raise questions on the value of a term like slavery in a Malagasy context, by drawing on the work of Joel Quirk, and join him in questioning its discursive value. In doing so, it draws upon both primary source research of correspondence between Malagasy officials and British officials, missionary accounts and secondary sources by both anthropologists and historians. This article is aimed at both activists seeking to improve the situation of Malagasy people who are discriminated against for their alleged slave descent and at academics seeking to explore the history of Madagascar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".