A Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Nd-C and Ce-C TRISO Fission Product Binary Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TRISO fuels are proposed for portable and modular power reactor technologies. Expansion is dependent upon improvements to safety through a thorough understanding of fission product behavior as related to functional containment design philosophies. Significant knowledge gaps exist in the thermodynamic behavior of neodymium and cerium fission products solubility in graphite, which play a role in the qualification of TRISO fuels. DSC measurements were conducted on Nd-C and Ce-C carbide fission products to expand upon calculated phase equilibria. Various crucible tests, calibrant experimentation, sample generation and sample preparation techniques, and new thermodynamic measurements have been performed. New phase equilibria were produced to improve Nd-C and Ce-C phase diagrams and further inform models of fission product behavior within TRISO fuels. The following phase transition temperatures are reported for Nd-C, with an error of ±32.7 °C: 10 mol%C—844.6 °C, 891.2 °C, and 911.2 °C; 16 mol%C—724.1 °C and 771.2 °C; 20 mol%C—731.8 °C; 25 mol%C—726.1 °C and 762.2 °C; 30 mol%C—718.5 °C and 976.4 °C; 35 mol%C—825.1 °C and 995.3 °C; 40 mol%C—1274.6 °C. The following phase transition temperatures are reported for Ce-C with an error of ±32.7 °C: 20 mol%C—878.6 °C; 32 mol%C—714.7 °C and 857 °C; 67 mol%C—1138.7 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".