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Record W4410956298 · doi:10.3390/toxics13060471

Effects of Parameter Variations Generated by Pumping on LNAPL Migration in the Aquitard: An Analytical and Experimental Study

2025· article· en· W4410956298 on OpenAlex
Yue Su, Yong Huang, Huan Shen, Xiaosong Dong, Xiaochang Sun, Zhimin Fu

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueToxics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicGroundwater flow and contamination studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
FundersChina Scholarship CouncilNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsAquiferConsolidation (business)GroundwaterGeologyPore water pressureGeotechnical engineeringSoil scienceTRACERMechanics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The parameter variations in the aquitard have an important influence on the migration laws of contaminants in the aquitard. In order to study the influence of dynamic changes in parameters during pumping on the migration laws of Light Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in the aquitard, the one-dimensional consolidation and groundwater flow equations for the aquitard were employed to derive the governing equations for the migration of LNAPL in the aquitard. A self-designed experimental platform was developed to investigate the effects of the pore water pressure, consolidation deformation, and pumping rate on LNAPL migration during pumping. The laboratory experimental results indicated that during pumping, the migration behavior of LNAPL in the aquitard typically exhibited a trend toward the pumping well and the overlying aquifer. The closer to the pumping well, the greater the change in the pore water pressure, the greater the amount of consolidation deformation, the earlier the state of densification, and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. The nearer to the bottom of the aquitard, the larger the amount of consolidation deformation in the aquitard and the slower the migration rate of LNAPL in the aquitard. Also, the pumping rate had an important influence on groundwater flow movement and contaminant migration. The characteristics of parameter variations in the aquitard and laws of LNAPL migration during pumping were systematically studied and analyzed; these research results can provide a reference for the prediction and remediation of LNAPL in contaminated sites.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.261
Threshold uncertainty score0.164

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.277
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it