A Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) of Centanafadine versus Methylphenidate Hydrochloride in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Short-Term Safety and Efficacy Outcomes: Comparaison indirecte ajustée par appariement (MAIC) entre centanafadine et le chlorhydrate de méthylphénidate chez les adultes atteints d’un trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) : Résultats en matière d’innocuité et d’efficacité à court terme
Bibliographic record
Abstract
) among adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC).MethodsThis anchored MAIC used pooled individual patient data (IPD) from two centanafadine trials (NCT03605680, NCT03605836) and published aggregate data from one methylphenidate trial (NCT02139124). Using propensity scores, IPD from the centanafadine trials were reweighted to match the aggregate baseline characteristics of the methylphenidate trial. Safety and efficacy outcomes were compared at Week 4. Safety outcomes were the rates of adverse events reported by ≥5% of patients in any treatment group in either trial with an incidence twice that of the placebo. The efficacy outcome was the mean change from baseline in Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS)/ADHD Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) score at Week 4.ResultsAfter matching, no significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed across trials. Relative to methylphenidate, centanafadine exhibited a better safety profile, with a significantly lower risk of insomnia (risk difference in percentage points: -9.46 points) and initial insomnia (-4.68 points). There was no significant difference in efficacy across treatments as measured by the mean change from baseline in AISRS/ADHD-RS-5 score.ConclusionsIn this MAIC, centanafadine was associated with a lower risk of insomnia and comparable (i.e., nondifferent) efficacy compared to methylphenidate at Week 4. Information on the comparative safety and efficacy of ADHD treatments in the adult population will help inform personalized treatment decisions given the range of treatment options with varying attributes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".